{"id":2561,"date":"2024-05-24T02:15:24","date_gmt":"2024-05-24T02:15:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/?p=2561"},"modified":"2024-05-24T02:15:24","modified_gmt":"2024-05-24T02:15:24","slug":"nfc-signal-processing-non-return-to-zero-encoding","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/bs\/nfc-signal-processing-non-return-to-zero-encoding\/","title":{"rendered":"NFC obrada signala: kodiranje bez povratka na nulu"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Uklju\u010di\/isklju\u010di sadr\u017eaj\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Prebaci<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/bs\/nfc-signal-processing-non-return-to-zero-encoding\/#Overview_of_NFC_Data_Transmission\" title=\"Pregled NFC prijenosa podataka\">Pregled NFC prijenosa podataka<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/bs\/nfc-signal-processing-non-return-to-zero-encoding\/#Standards_Communication_Protocols_in_NFC\" title=\"Standardi i komunikacijski protokoli u NFC-u\">Standardi i komunikacijski protokoli u NFC-u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/bs\/nfc-signal-processing-non-return-to-zero-encoding\/#NFC_Non-Return-to-Zero_Level_NRZ-L_Encoding\" title=\"NFC kodiranje bez povratka na nulti nivo (NRZ-L).\">NFC kodiranje bez povratka na nulti nivo (NRZ-L).<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/bs\/nfc-signal-processing-non-return-to-zero-encoding\/#NFC_Manchester_Encoding\" title=\"NFC Manchester Encoding\">NFC Manchester Encoding<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/bs\/nfc-signal-processing-non-return-to-zero-encoding\/#NFC_Modified_Miller_Encoding\" title=\"NFC modificirano Miller kodiranje\">NFC modificirano Miller kodiranje<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/bs\/nfc-signal-processing-non-return-to-zero-encoding\/#Types_of_Modulation_in_NFC\" title=\"Vrste modulacije u NFC-u\">Vrste modulacije u NFC-u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/bs\/nfc-signal-processing-non-return-to-zero-encoding\/#In_Summary\" title=\"U sa\u017eetku\">U sa\u017eetku<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overview_of_NFC_Data_Transmission\"><\/span><strong>Pregled NFC prijenosa podataka<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><br class=\"container_a4d0b wrapper_d536d undefined\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/bs\/Wholesale\/rfid-nfc-reader\/\">NFC<\/a>, tehnologija niske brzine prenosa podataka i be\u017ei\u010dne komunikacije kratkog dometa, djeluje kroz sinergiju dva ure\u0111aja \u2013 nazvanih kao pokreta\u010d i cilj. Uobi\u010dajeno prepoznati kao oznaka i \u010dita\u010d, ovi entiteti se bave razmjenom podataka putem frekvencije RF nosioca od 13,56 MHz, oslanjaju\u0107i se na beskontaktnu elektromagnetnu indukciju. Potrebna blizina za takve interakcije je obi\u010dno manja od 10 cm.<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Standards_Communication_Protocols_in_NFC\"><\/span><strong>Standardi i komunikacijski protokoli u NFC-u<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><br class=\"container_a4d0b wrapper_d536d undefined\" \/>Zasnovano na razli\u010ditim brzinama podataka, zajedno sa razli\u010ditim zahtjevima modulacije i kodiranja, NFC tehnologija se manifestuje kroz tri glavna standarda: NFC-A, NFC-B i NFC-F. Ovi standardi su povezani sa razli\u010ditim tipovima modulacije i kodiranja, kao \u0161to je ilustrovano u Tabeli-1.<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-2562\" src=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NFC-NRZ-L-Coding11-300x125.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"564\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NFC-NRZ-L-Coding11-300x125.png 300w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NFC-NRZ-L-Coding11-1024x427.png 1024w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NFC-NRZ-L-Coding11-768x320.png 768w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NFC-NRZ-L-Coding11-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NFC-NRZ-L-Coding11-600x250.png 600w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NFC-NRZ-L-Coding11.png 1275w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NFC_Non-Return-to-Zero_Level_NRZ-L_Encoding\"><\/span><strong>NFC kodiranje bez povratka na nulti nivo (NRZ-L).<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"image-wrapper_dd1b3 clickable_dd1b3\" data-testid=\"mdbox_image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:;base64,<svg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' version='1.1' width='400' height='256'\/>&#8221; alt=&#8221;&#8221; aria-hidden=&#8221;true&#8221; \/><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-2563\" alt=\"\" width=\"559\" height=\"311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NRZ-L-coding-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NRZ-L-coding-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NRZ-L-coding.webp 596w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 559px) 100vw, 559px\" \/><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">\n<li><em>Zastupanje<\/em>: \u0160ema NRZ-L kodiranja je prikazana na slici-1, gdje je binarna &#039;1&#039; ozna\u010dena visokim naponom (+V), a binarna &#039;0&#039; je ozna\u010dena niskim naponom (0 volti).<\/li>\n<li><em>Karakteristi\u010dno<\/em>: Tako\u0111e nazvan kao unipolarno NRZ kodiranje, ovo predstavljanje je jednostavno, ozna\u010davaju\u0107i svaku bitnu vrijednost posebnim nivoom napona.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NFC_Manchester_Encoding\"><\/span><strong>NFC Manchester Encoding<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"image-wrapper_dd1b3 clickable_dd1b3\" data-testid=\"mdbox_image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:;base64,<svg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' version='1.1' width='400' height='256'\/>&#8221; alt=&#8221;&#8221; aria-hidden=&#8221;true&#8221; \/><\/div><p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-2564\" alt=\"\" width=\"520\" height=\"414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Manchester-coding-300x239.webp 300w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Manchester-coding-15x12.webp 15w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Manchester-coding-600x478.webp 600w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Manchester-coding.webp 639w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">\n<li><em>Varijacija<\/em>: Postoje dvije varijante Manchester kodova\u2014AC (bipolarni) i DC (unipolarni) tipovi.<\/li>\n<li><em>Tranzicioni zna\u010daj<\/em>: I binarni &#039;1&#039; i &#039;0&#039; karakteriziraju prijelazi napona unutar istog perioda bita\u2014od visokog do niskog ozna\u010dava binarnu &#039;1&#039;, dok od niskog do visokog podrazumijeva binarnu &#039;0&#039;.<\/li>\n<li><em>Preciznost tranzicije<\/em>: Ovi prijelazi su pa\u017eljivo postavljeni na sredi\u0161nju ta\u010dku perioda bita, poja\u010davaju\u0107i jasno\u0107u signala podataka.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NFC_Modified_Miller_Encoding\"><\/span><strong>NFC modificirano Miller kodiranje<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"image-wrapper_dd1b3 clickable_dd1b3\" data-testid=\"mdbox_image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:;base64,<svg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' version='1.1' width='400' height='256'\/>&#8221; alt=&#8221;&#8221; aria-hidden=&#8221;true&#8221; \/><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-2565\" alt=\"\" width=\"496\" height=\"276\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Modified-Miller-coding-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Modified-Miller-coding-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Modified-Miller-coding.webp 565w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 496px) 100vw, 496px\" \/><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">\n<li><em>Binarno &#039;1&#039; mapiranje<\/em>: Binarna logika &#039;1&#039; je uvijek ozna\u010dena prijelazom sa visokog na nisko, a zatim natrag na visoko unutar perioda bita, bez obzira na stanje prethodnog bita.<\/li>\n<li><em>Binarno &#039;0&#039; mapiranje<\/em>: Prikaz binarnog &#039;0&#039; zavisi od uslova prethodnog bita\u2014ako je prethodni bit bio &#039;1&#039;, trenutna nula prati obrazac obrnutog prijelaza, a ako je bila &#039;0&#039;, mapiranje odjekuje onom binarnog &#039;1&#039;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Modulation_in_NFC\"><\/span><strong>Vrste modulacije u NFC-u<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><br class=\"container_a4d0b wrapper_d536d undefined\" \/>NFC obuhvata niz tipova modulacije kao \u0161to je amplituda Shift Keying (ASK) u varijantama 10% i 100% i koristi tehnike modulacije optere\u0107enja. Ove metode modulacije su sastavni dio preciznosti i efikasnosti NFC komunikacijskih protokola.<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_Summary\"><\/span><strong>U sa\u017eetku<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><br class=\"container_a4d0b wrapper_d536d undefined\" \/>Arhitektura NFC-a zasnovana je na sofisticiranim protokolima modulacije i kodiranja, pri \u010demu svaki standard koristi jedinstvene mehanizme kako bi se osigurala sigurna i efikasna komunikacija izme\u0111u ure\u0111aja koji se nalaze u blizini. Bilo da se radi o nivoima napona NRZ-L, binarnim indikacijama zasnovanim na tranziciji u Manchesteru ili modifikovanim Millerovim kontekstno zavisnim mapama, NFC tehnologija pokazuje prilagodljivost mno\u0161tvu operativnih okru\u017eenja i potreba.<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pregled NFC prijenosa podataka NFC, tehnologija niske brzine prijenosa podataka i be\u017ei\u010dne komunikacije kratkog dometa, djeluje kroz sinergiju dva ure\u0111aja \u2013 koji se nazivaju pokreta\u010d i cilj. Uobi\u010dajeno prepoznati kao oznaka i \u010dita\u010d, ovi entiteti se bave razmjenom podataka putem frekvencije RF nosioca od 13,56 MHz, oslanjaju\u0107i se na beskontaktnu elektromagnetnu indukciju. [\u2026]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2561","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2561"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2561\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2566,"href":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2561\/revisions\/2566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2561"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}