{"id":2561,"date":"2024-05-24T02:15:24","date_gmt":"2024-05-24T02:15:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/?p=2561"},"modified":"2024-05-24T02:15:24","modified_gmt":"2024-05-24T02:15:24","slug":"nfc-signal-processing-non-return-to-zero-encoding","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/ru\/nfc-signal-processing-non-return-to-zero-encoding\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 NFC: \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044e"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/ru\/nfc-signal-processing-non-return-to-zero-encoding\/#Overview_of_NFC_Data_Transmission\" title=\"Overview of NFC Data Transmission\">Overview of NFC Data Transmission<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/ru\/nfc-signal-processing-non-return-to-zero-encoding\/#Standards_Communication_Protocols_in_NFC\" title=\"Standards &amp; Communication Protocols in NFC\">Standards &amp; Communication Protocols in NFC<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/ru\/nfc-signal-processing-non-return-to-zero-encoding\/#NFC_Non-Return-to-Zero_Level_NRZ-L_Encoding\" title=\"NFC Non-Return-to-Zero Level (NRZ-L) Encoding\">NFC Non-Return-to-Zero Level (NRZ-L) Encoding<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/ru\/nfc-signal-processing-non-return-to-zero-encoding\/#NFC_Manchester_Encoding\" title=\"NFC Manchester Encoding\">NFC Manchester Encoding<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/ru\/nfc-signal-processing-non-return-to-zero-encoding\/#NFC_Modified_Miller_Encoding\" title=\"NFC Modified Miller Encoding\">NFC Modified Miller Encoding<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/ru\/nfc-signal-processing-non-return-to-zero-encoding\/#Types_of_Modulation_in_NFC\" title=\"Types of Modulation in NFC\">Types of Modulation in NFC<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/ru\/nfc-signal-processing-non-return-to-zero-encoding\/#In_Summary\" title=\"In Summary\">In Summary<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overview_of_NFC_Data_Transmission\"><\/span><strong>Overview of NFC Data Transmission<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><br class=\"container_a4d0b wrapper_d536d undefined\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/ru\/Wholesale\/rfid-nfc-reader\/\">\u041d\u0424\u041a<\/a>, a low data rate and short-range wireless communication technology, operates through a synergy of two devices\u2014termed as the initiator and the target. Commonly recognized as the tag and reader, these entities engage in data exchange via an RF carrier frequency of 13.56 MHz, relying on contactless electromagnetic induction. The requisite proximity for such interactions is typically less than 10 cm.<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Standards_Communication_Protocols_in_NFC\"><\/span><strong>Standards &amp; Communication Protocols in NFC<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><br class=\"container_a4d0b wrapper_d536d undefined\" \/>Based on varying data rates, along with distinct modulation and coding requirements, NFC technology is manifested through three principal standards: NFC-A, NFC-B, and NFC-F. These standards are associated with different modulation and encoding types, as illustrated in Table-1.<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-2562\" src=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NFC-NRZ-L-Coding11-300x125.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"564\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NFC-NRZ-L-Coding11-300x125.png 300w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NFC-NRZ-L-Coding11-1024x427.png 1024w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NFC-NRZ-L-Coding11-768x320.png 768w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NFC-NRZ-L-Coding11-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NFC-NRZ-L-Coding11-600x250.png 600w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NFC-NRZ-L-Coding11.png 1275w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NFC_Non-Return-to-Zero_Level_NRZ-L_Encoding\"><\/span><strong>NFC Non-Return-to-Zero Level (NRZ-L) Encoding<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"image-wrapper_dd1b3 clickable_dd1b3\" data-testid=\"mdbox_image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:;base64,<svg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' version='1.1' width='400' height='256'\/>&#8221; alt=&#8221;&#8221; aria-hidden=&#8221;true&#8221; \/><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-2563\" alt=\"\" width=\"559\" height=\"311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NRZ-L-coding-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NRZ-L-coding-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/NRZ-L-coding.webp 596w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 559px) 100vw, 559px\" \/><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">\n<li><em>Representation<\/em>: The NRZ-L encoding schematic is depicted in Figure-1, where a binary &#8216;1&#8217; is signified by a high voltage (+V), and a binary &#8216;0&#8217; is denoted by a low voltage (0 volt).<\/li>\n<li><em>Characteristic<\/em>: Also dubbed as unipolar NRZ coding, this representation is straightforward, marking each bit value with a distinct voltage level.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NFC_Manchester_Encoding\"><\/span><strong>NFC Manchester Encoding<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"image-wrapper_dd1b3 clickable_dd1b3\" data-testid=\"mdbox_image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:;base64,<svg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' version='1.1' width='400' height='256'\/>&#8221; alt=&#8221;&#8221; aria-hidden=&#8221;true&#8221; \/><\/div><p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-2564\" alt=\"\" width=\"520\" height=\"414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Manchester-coding-300x239.webp 300w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Manchester-coding-15x12.webp 15w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Manchester-coding-600x478.webp 600w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Manchester-coding.webp 639w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">\n<li><em>Variation<\/em>: Two variants of Manchester codes exist\u2014AC (bipolar) and DC (unipolar) types.<\/li>\n<li><em>Transition Significance<\/em>: Both binary &#8216;1&#8217; and &#8216;0&#8217; are characterized by voltage transitions within the same bit period\u2014High-to-Low signifies a binary &#8216;1&#8217;, while Low-to-High implies a binary &#8216;0&#8217;.<\/li>\n<li><em>Transition Precision<\/em>: These transitions are meticulously placed at the midpoint of the bit period, reinforcing the clarity of data signals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NFC_Modified_Miller_Encoding\"><\/span><strong>NFC Modified Miller Encoding<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"image-wrapper_dd1b3 clickable_dd1b3\" data-testid=\"mdbox_image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:;base64,<svg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' version='1.1' width='400' height='256'\/>&#8221; alt=&#8221;&#8221; aria-hidden=&#8221;true&#8221; \/><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-2565\" alt=\"\" width=\"496\" height=\"276\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Modified-Miller-coding-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Modified-Miller-coding-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Modified-Miller-coding.webp 565w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 496px) 100vw, 496px\" \/><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">\n<li><em>Binary &#8216;1&#8217; Mapping<\/em>: Binary logic &#8216;1&#8217; is invariably indicated by a transition from high to low and then back to high within the bit period, irrespective of the previous bit&#8217;s state.<\/li>\n<li><em>Binary &#8216;0&#8217; Mapping<\/em>: The portrayal of binary &#8216;0&#8217; is contingent on the preceding bit&#8217;s condition\u2014If the previous bit was a &#8216;1&#8217;, current zero follows a reverse transition pattern, and if it was a &#8216;0&#8217;, the mapping echoes that of a binary &#8216;1&#8217;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Modulation_in_NFC\"><\/span><strong>Types of Modulation in NFC<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><br class=\"container_a4d0b wrapper_d536d undefined\" \/>NFC embraces a range of modulation types such as Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) in both 10% and 100% variants and employs load modulation techniques. These modulation methods are integral to the precision and efficiency of NFC communication protocols.<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_Summary\"><\/span><strong>In Summary<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph_c9271 paragraph-element\"><br class=\"container_a4d0b wrapper_d536d undefined\" \/>NFC&#8217;s architecture is predicated on sophisticated modulation and coding protocols, with each standard employing unique mechanisms to ensure secure and effective communication between near-proximity devices. Whether through NRZ-L&#8217;s voltage levels, Manchester&#8217;s transition-based binary indications, or Modified Miller&#8217;s context-dependent mappings, NFC technology demonstrates adaptability to a multitude of operational environments and needs.<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 NFC NFC, \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e. \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u044b 13,56 \u041c\u0413\u0446, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e. [\u2026]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2561","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2561"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2561\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2566,"href":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2561\/revisions\/2566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2561"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nfc-readers.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}